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Compare Cambodia (2004) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005)

Compare Cambodia (2004) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005)

 Cambodia (2004)Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005)
 CambodiaSaint Pierre and Miquelon
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (krong, singular and plural)

provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Koh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Chey, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanakir, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takao

municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk (formerly Kompong Som)
none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.3% (male 2,583,606; female 2,534,460)


15-64 years: 58.6% (male 3,742,178; female 4,095,303)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,466; female 258,408) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 24% (male 861/female 825)


15-64 years: 65.3% (male 2,330/female 2,251)


65 years and over: 10.6% (male 335/female 410) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports 20 (2003 est.) 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 14


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
-
Area total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008. First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate 27.13 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 13.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $476.5 million


expenditures: $734.8 million, including capital expenditures of $291 million of which 75% was financed by external assistance (2003 est.)
revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Capital Phnom Penh Saint-Pierre
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline 443 km 120 km
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency riel (KHR) -
Death rate 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $2.4 billion (2002 est.) $NA
Dependency status - self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY


embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438


FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH


chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international land boundary disputes persist among Cambodian claims that Thailand and Vietnam moved or destroyed boundary markers; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia periodically accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; 2003 anti-Thai riots in Phnom Penh resulted in the destruction of the Thai Embassy, damage to 17 Thai-owned businesses, and disputes over full payment of compensation none
Economic aid - recipient $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors (actual disbursement in 2002 was about $500 million) approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms. Growth resumed and has remained about 5.0% during 2000-2003. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Cambodia expects 1 million foreign tourists in 2004. Economic growth has been largely driven by expansion in the clothing sector and tourism. Clothing exports were fostered by the U.S.-Cambodian Bilateral Textile Agreement signed in 1999. Even given Cambodia's recent growth, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and a dysfunctional legal system coupled with government corruption discourage foreign investment. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors to address the country's many pressing needs. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. About 60% of the population is 20 years or younger; most of these citizens will seek to enter the workforce over the course of the next 10 years. The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption 110.6 million kWh (2001) 40.06 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 119 million kWh (2001) 43.08 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999) euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), Norodom SIRIVUDH, SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Albert DUPUY (since 10 January 2005)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports NA (2001) NA
Exports - commodities Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners US 58.4%, Germany 10.3%, UK 7.2% (2003) Belgium 41.3%, US 19.9%, Spain 14.9%, France 10%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP purchasing power parity - $25.02 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 35%


industry: 30%


services: 35% (2003 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $7,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2003 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap vegetation scanty
Heliports 2 (2003 est.) -
Highways total: 12,323 km


paved: 1,996 km


unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders -
Imports NA (2001) NA
Imports - commodities petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners Thailand 26.4%, Hong Kong 14.4%, Singapore 11.8%, China 11.3%, Vietnam 8.3%, Taiwan 8%, South Korea 4.1% (2003) France 37.6%, Canada 25.3%, Ireland 25.2%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate 22% (2002 est.) NA%
Industries tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 73.67 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 82.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 64.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.66 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.7% (2003 est.) 2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO UPU, WFTU
Irrigated land 2,700 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force 7 million (2003 est.) 3,261 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75% (2003 est.) fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 20.96%


permanent crops: 0.61%


other: 78.43% (2001)
arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (2001)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English French (official)
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch bicameral consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (scheduled to be held in 2004 but delayed)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (July 2003)
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 58.41 years


male: 55.71 years


female: 61.23 years (2004 est.)
total population: 78.46 years


male: 76.13 years


female: 80.9 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 69.4%


male: 80.8%


female: 59.3% (2002)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references Southeast Asia North America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 467 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,913,910 GRT/2,713,967 DWT


by type: bulk 42, cargo 360, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 3, container 13, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 4, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 2


foreign-owned: Algeria 2, Angola 1, Aruba 1, Bahamas 1, Belize 10, British Virgin Islands 7, Bulgaria 1, Canada 4, China 35, Cyprus 14, Egypt 8, Finland 1, France 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 9, Honduras 8, Hong Kong 12, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Italy 2, Japan 1, Jordan 1, North Korea 2, South Korea 31, Lebanon 2, Liberia 7, Malaysia 1, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 11, Netherlands 2, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Panama 8, Romania 1, Russia 81, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Samoa 2, Singapore 7, Spain 1, Syria 19, Taiwan 1, Turkey 11


registered in other countries: 19 (2004 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 3,402,703 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,899,710 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 170,072 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI] Left Radical Party or PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 13,363,421


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
7,012 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 36% (1997 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.8% (2004 est.) 0.21% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Kampong Som (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh, Sre Ambol, Keo Phoh Port (privately owned) (2003) Saint-Pierre
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 17, (2003) AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 602 km


narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
-
Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas


domestic: NA


international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use 35,400 (2002) 4,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 380,000 (2002) 0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 7 (2003) 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate 3.51 children born/woman (2004 est.) 2.03 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 9.8% (1997)
Waterways 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004) -
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